![]() ![]() ![]() The reduced latitudinal diversity gradient in Early Eocene North American plant species demonstrates that extreme photoperiod in the Arctic did not limit taxonomic diversity of plants. The small exposure of peaty, fossil-bearing beds have produced tree trunks up to 3 m long, many beaver-cut sticks (some burned. It is the worlds most northerly Early Pliocene vertebrate locality. Nearly half of the Eocene, Arctic plant taxa are endemic and the richness of pollen floras implies significant patchiness to the vegetation type and clear regional richness of angiosperms. The site, which is located near the head of Strathcona Fiord (78☃3N), was discovered by Geological Survey of Canada geologist John Fyles in 1961. Brainard, a survivor of the ill-fated Greely. Arctic Eocene pollen floras are most comparable in richness with today's forests in the southeastern United States, some 5000 km further south of the Arctic. Fossil wood was discovered at northern Ellesmere Island in 1883 at a site later described as 'Brainards Petrified Forest', named after a Sargent D.L. 55–52 Myr) in the Canadian High Arctic (76° N) is comparable with that approximately 3500 km further south at mid-latitudes in the US western interior (44–47° N). We show for the first time that plant richness in the globally warm Early Eocene (approx. Little is known on the taxonomic diversity of Arctic floras during greenhouse periods of the Caenozoic. For the majority of the Early Caenozoic, a remarkable expanse of humid, mesothermal to temperate forests spread across Northern Polar regions that now contain specialized plant and animal communities adapted to life in extreme environments.
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